{"id":20857,"date":"2017-07-04T16:19:41","date_gmt":"2017-07-04T06:19:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/?p=20857"},"modified":"2022-03-29T13:22:06","modified_gmt":"2022-03-29T03:22:06","slug":"how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Turn Anything Into a Battery with this High-Tech Spray"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"intro\">Remember when the most exciting thing about batteries was being able to press your finger on a little pad and they&#8217;d tell you how much life they had left? Those days are well in the past with the latest in battery tech nothing short of mind-blowing.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists from the Texas A&amp;M University (one of the most prestigious research colleges in the States) are developing an energised liquid that can be sprayed on your clothes, your car and pretty much anything else you feel like it&#8217;d be worth making into a battery.<\/p>\n<p>With endless potential applications, the scientists are working, not just on making the spray a reality, but on making it everything-proof. They can see a need for it to be able to withstand washing, heat, the mouths of toddlers and even bullets.<\/p>\n<p>Speaking to<a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2017\/06\/batteries-sprayable-bulletproof-scientist-jodie-lutkenhaus\/\"> the World Economic Forum<\/a>, head scientist on the project, Jodie Lutkenhaus, explained they&#8217;ve already worked out the hard part: taking the polymer, metal and electrodes that make up a lithium-ion battery and turning them into a sprayable liquid. Layer by layer, they&#8217;ve been able to graffiti all sorts of objects with their spray-on batteries.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cAll you need is two connectors and you\u2019re plugged in.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>What do you do with a spray on battery?<\/h2>\n<p>Once they&#8217;ve everything-proofed their batteries and troubleshot all the kinks and bugs, the possible applications are phenomenal. Imagine having work clothes that have built in heating for winter and cooling for summer. Or pacemakers that have a lightweight, comfortable and reliable battery unit rather than the clunky cells that need monitoring and recharging.<\/p>\n<p>Then there&#8217;s the bulletproof part of the equation. According to Lutkenhaus, the average soldier in the US army has to lug around about 20lb of batteries in their gear. Ditching this extra weight would have obvious benefits in comfort and, therefore, efficiency. And this is why\u00a0Lutkenhaus and her team are so focussed on making the spray-on batteries robust. Testing for battlefield fortitude is one of the team&#8217;s favourite perks of being a scientist.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cWe took the batteries out to a range and shot them all up. This is Texas, after all. And you know what? They held up.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Along with being able to withstand a Texas shootout, it&#8217;s vital for the batteries to be flame resistant and not prone to explosions. Unfortunately, as we&#8217;ve seen in a few intense incidents with electric vehicles, batteries can be a bit volatile. Explosions can occur from relatively minor dings or bits of debris hitting the battery.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Tesla Fire Sparks Panic Over Company&#039;s Future\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uFUNPpn4080?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>So it&#8217;s vital for scientists to develop strategies to safeguard their supremely useful inventions from being susceptible to such catastrophes.<\/p>\n<h2>Other exciting battery tech<\/h2>\n<p>Along with super-robust spray-on batteries, Lutkenhaus and her team are working on structural batteries where the charging cell is integrated as a mechanically strong, functional part of the machine its powering. What you&#8217;re looking at here is a future in which the roof of your car doubles as a battery; or part of the structure of your tractor or excavator. This would allow a whole host of vehicles to be able to switch over to electric or hybrid power, saving on fuel consumption, carbon emissions, and resultant environmental damage.<\/p>\n<p>The structural nature of the batteries would also make them more efficient and could be integrated with solar arrays to allow the machines to work longer without the need to recharge or refuel. Her words tickled by excitement, Lutkenhaus concluded:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cI expect these new battery formats to be improving transport, healthcare, the military\u200a\u2014\u200alife in general\u200a\u2014\u200awithin the next five years.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Remember when the most exciting thing about batteries was being able to press your finger on a little pad and they&#8217;d tell you how much life they had left? Those days are well in the past with the latest in battery tech nothing short of mind-blowing. Scientists from the Texas A&amp;M University (one of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":20859,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[181,6464,6561],"tags":[18751,18752,3029,18754,18753],"class_list":["post-20857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curiosities","category-innovation","category-manufacturing-innovation","tag-batteries","tag-latest-technology","tag-manufacturing","tag-rechargeable-batteries","tag-spray-on-batteries"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Turn Anything Into a Battery with this High-Tech Spray<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists have developed an energised liquid that can be sprayed on your clothes, your car and anything else you want to make into a battery.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Turn Anything Into a Battery with this High-Tech Spray\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists have developed an energised liquid that can be sprayed on your clothes, your car and anything else you want to make into a battery.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Machines4u Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/machines4u.com.au\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-07-04T06:19:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-29T03:22:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/magmedia.machines4u.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/04111226\/Batteries-e1499130797455.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1145\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"859\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Krystle Richardson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@machines4u\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@machines4u\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Krystle Richardson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Krystle Richardson\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/efd70af0e4bb64355d9bfbaf2824a0bf\"},\"headline\":\"How to Turn Anything Into a Battery with this High-Tech Spray\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-07-04T06:19:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-29T03:22:06+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":625,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/magmedia.machines4u.com.au\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/07\\\/04111226\\\/Batteries-e1499130797455.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"batteries\",\"latest technology\",\"manufacturing\",\"rechargeable batteries\",\"spray on batteries\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Curiosities\",\"Innovation\",\"Manufacturing Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/\",\"name\":\"How to Turn Anything Into a Battery with this High-Tech Spray\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/magmedia.machines4u.com.au\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/07\\\/04111226\\\/Batteries-e1499130797455.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-07-04T06:19:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-29T03:22:06+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/efd70af0e4bb64355d9bfbaf2824a0bf\"},\"description\":\"Scientists have developed an energised liquid that can be sprayed on your clothes, your car and anything else you want to make into a battery.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/magmedia.machines4u.com.au\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/07\\\/04111226\\\/Batteries-e1499130797455.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/magmedia.machines4u.com.au\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/07\\\/04111226\\\/Batteries-e1499130797455.jpg\",\"width\":1145,\"height\":859,\"caption\":\"Batteries are cool and high tech\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How to Turn Anything Into a Battery with this High-Tech Spray\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/\",\"name\":\"Machines4u Magazine\",\"description\":\"The Machinery Marketplace\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.machines4u.com.au\\\/mag\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/efd70af0e4bb64355d9bfbaf2824a0bf\",\"name\":\"Krystle Richardson\",\"description\":\"As a journalist and content writer, Krystle\u2019s curiosity about the world is infinite. She loves delving into philosophy, music, technology and the world of machines. Her father was a mechanical engineer and boilermaker; her Grandfather drove steam trains and operated backhoes; and her family still run an earth moving business in North Queensland. Growing up in a rural area, machinery and agriculture were foundational to her upbringing and she has a deep respect for, and interest in, the technology and the people behind them. (To contact the Machines4U Magazine team, click here).\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How to Turn Anything Into a Battery with this High-Tech Spray","description":"Scientists have developed an energised liquid that can be sprayed on your clothes, your car and anything else you want to make into a battery.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"How to Turn Anything Into a Battery with this High-Tech Spray","og_description":"Scientists have developed an energised liquid that can be sprayed on your clothes, your car and anything else you want to make into a battery.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/","og_site_name":"Machines4u Magazine","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/machines4u.com.au\/","article_published_time":"2017-07-04T06:19:41+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-03-29T03:22:06+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1145,"height":859,"url":"https:\/\/magmedia.machines4u.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/04111226\/Batteries-e1499130797455.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Krystle Richardson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@machines4u","twitter_site":"@machines4u","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Krystle Richardson","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/"},"author":{"name":"Krystle Richardson","@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/#\/schema\/person\/efd70af0e4bb64355d9bfbaf2824a0bf"},"headline":"How to Turn Anything Into a Battery with this High-Tech Spray","datePublished":"2017-07-04T06:19:41+00:00","dateModified":"2022-03-29T03:22:06+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/"},"wordCount":625,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/magmedia.machines4u.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/04111226\/Batteries-e1499130797455.jpg","keywords":["batteries","latest technology","manufacturing","rechargeable batteries","spray on batteries"],"articleSection":["Curiosities","Innovation","Manufacturing Innovation"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/","url":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/","name":"How to Turn Anything Into a Battery with this High-Tech Spray","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/magmedia.machines4u.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/04111226\/Batteries-e1499130797455.jpg","datePublished":"2017-07-04T06:19:41+00:00","dateModified":"2022-03-29T03:22:06+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/#\/schema\/person\/efd70af0e4bb64355d9bfbaf2824a0bf"},"description":"Scientists have developed an energised liquid that can be sprayed on your clothes, your car and anything else you want to make into a battery.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/magmedia.machines4u.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/04111226\/Batteries-e1499130797455.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/magmedia.machines4u.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/04111226\/Batteries-e1499130797455.jpg","width":1145,"height":859,"caption":"Batteries are cool and high tech"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/how-to-turn-anything-into-a-battery-with-a-high-tech-spray\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How to Turn Anything Into a Battery with this High-Tech Spray"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/","name":"Machines4u Magazine","description":"The Machinery Marketplace","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/#\/schema\/person\/efd70af0e4bb64355d9bfbaf2824a0bf","name":"Krystle Richardson","description":"As a journalist and content writer, Krystle\u2019s curiosity about the world is infinite. She loves delving into philosophy, music, technology and the world of machines. Her father was a mechanical engineer and boilermaker; her Grandfather drove steam trains and operated backhoes; and her family still run an earth moving business in North Queensland. Growing up in a rural area, machinery and agriculture were foundational to her upbringing and she has a deep respect for, and interest in, the technology and the people behind them. (To contact the Machines4U Magazine team, click here)."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20857"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28332,"href":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20857\/revisions\/28332"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.machines4u.com.au\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}